Part of the the
Pyramid of Open Water Success is Open Water Acclimatization which includes getting used to both cold water and warm water. Both sides of the extremes - cold water and warm water - are relative to everyone.
What is acceptable to a swimmer who regularly swims in San Francisco Bay or Dover Harbour may be too cold for someone from Florida or Fiji. What is considered balmy for a swimmer in Boston is the opposite for a swimmer in Bali.
Especially important for newcomers or those interested in open water swimming, open water acclimatization is required to get swimmers familiar with the open water environment. This acclimatization includes getting used to:
- cold water
- warm water
- rough water
- salt water
- jellyfish stings
- swallowing water in turbulent seas
- observing marine life up close
- swimming with a kayaker or paddler
- swimming through surface chop, boat fumes, oil slicks, kelp, fog, rain, waves and currents
- swimming in a large pack with aggressive swimmers who bump, touch and veer into you, whether it is purposefully or unintentionally.
All these types of experiences are part of open water swimming at one point or another - and there are many more, some more exotic than others:
- swimming with orcas in Alaska
- avoiding sea snakes in tropical seas
- getting cotton mouth in channel swims
- body surfing down large ocean swells
- swimming at night
To be highly successful and comfortable in the open water, these experiences must be understood, encountered and mastered during training.
Of all the different types of acclimatization, cold water acclimatization usually requires the greatest amount of time and effort. For some, swimming in sub-59°F (15°C)
water is easy and invigorating. For others, it is painful and not enjoyable. But if you have a certain goal in mind - whether it is swimming across the English Channel or participating in a local lake swim - and it involves water cooler than you are used to, cold water acclimatization can take a few day or a few weeks - or several months - depending on the length of your swim, your background and the expected water temperature of your swim.Jim Barber, a Triple Crown swimmer, and his training partner Bryan Boggs, have created a Water Perception Scale in collaboration with Open Water Source for open water swimmers that gives an excellent basis for understanding your own personal experiences while training and acclimating to cold water.
An overview of how to prepare for cold-water swimming is below.
The same level of care should be taken when swimming in warm-water locations, especially if a high-level of exertion is expected. Hydration and a thoughtful management of one's one efforts should be vigilantly maintained in both water temperature extremes. Proper hydration includes the following:
- making sure your urine is clear on race day and in the days leading up to the swim
- making sure you know when and where you can hydrate during the swim
- if there are no feeding stations on the course, take gel packs in your swimsuit and consume them during the swim, especially if the swim is longer than 45 minutes. A 10-second stop to consume gel pack during a 45-minute race is well worth the temporary stop. You will feel stronger for it and will soon regain the distance that your competitors gained on you during your self-feeding stop.
Your coach and escort crew must keep constant vigilance against hypothermia during and after any open water swim. The consequences of not being prepared are life-threatening.
The re-warming process must include getting dry and getting warm from the inside and out. After getting out of the water, get the swimsuit off the swimmer, get the swimmer dry, keep talking to the swimmer (or allow them to talk and be engaged), put on warm clothes, socks, a hat and gloves wrapped in blankets, towels and jackets, and give warm drinks and into a warm shower or bath (while being observed) until shivering has stopped.